@Article{Harun:13,
author ="Harun, Noor Aniza and Benning, Matthew J. and Horrocks, Benjamin R. and Fulton, David A.",
title  ="Gold nanoparticle-enhanced luminescence of silicon quantum dots co-encapsulated in polymer nanoparticles",
journal  ="Nanoscale",
year  ="2013",
volume  ="5",
issue  ="9",
pages  ="3817-3827",
publisher  ="The Royal Society of Chemistry",
doi  ="10.1039/C3NR00421J",
url  ="http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C3NR00421J",
abstract  ="The preparation of two-component polymer composite nanoparticles encapsulating both Si quantum dots (SiQDs) and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) by a single step miniemulsion polymerization of divinylbenzene is described. This simple and robust method affords well-defined polymer composite nanoparticles with mean diameters in a range of 100-200 nm and with narrow polydispersity indices as determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The successful encapsulation of AuNPs within poly(divinylbenzene) was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and from TEM images. Plasmon-enhanced fluorescence of the luminescence of the SiQDs by AuNPs encapsulated within the polymer composite nanoparticles was evaluated by confocal microspectroscopy{,} and luminescence enhancements of up to 15 times were observed. These observations indicate that the luminescence of the SiQDs is enhanced by the proximity of the AuNPs. The polymer composite nanoparticles were successfully ink-jet printed onto a glass substrate{,} which demonstrates that these composites are processable in printing applications."}

@Article{Kumar:13,
author ="Kumar De, Puran and Neckers, Douglas C.",
title  ="Emission enhancement of a carbazole-based fluorophore on a quantum dot surface",
journal  ="Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.",
year  ="2013",
volume  ="12",
issue  ="2",
pages  ="363-368",
publisher  ="The Royal Society of Chemistry",
doi  ="10.1039/C2PP25281C",
url  ="http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C2PP25281C",
abstract  ="A novel carbazole-based fluorophore 5-(carbazol-9-yl)-5[prime or minute]-mercapto-2{,}2[prime or minute]-bithiophene (CBTSH) was synthesized. CBTSH exhibited emission enhancement when attached to the surface of CdSe quantum dots (QDs). The emission quantum yield of CBTSH attached to CdSe is almost 5 times larger than that of CBTSH alone. The emission enhancement of CBTSH on the CdSe surface is due to the restriction on the rotational and vibrational motions of the carbazolylbithienyl unit as a result of QD aggregation."}

@Article{Fu:09,
author ="Fu, Yi and Zhang, Jian and Lakowicz, Joseph R.",
title  ="Silver-enhanced fluorescence emission of single quantum dot nanocomposites",
journal  ="Chem. Commun.",
year  ="2009",
volume  ="0",
issue  ="3",
pages  ="313-315",
publisher  ="The Royal Society of Chemistry",
doi  ="10.1039/B816736B",
url  ="http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B816736B",
abstract  ="A novel plasmon-coupled quantum dot (QD) nanocomposite via covalently interfacing the QD surfaces with silver nanoparticles was developed with greatly reduced blinking and enhanced emission fluorescence."}

@article{Ringler:08,
  title = {Shaping Emission Spectra of Fluorescent Molecules with Single Plasmonic Nanoresonators},
  author = {Ringler, M. and Schwemer, A. and Wunderlich, M. and Nichtl, A. and K\"urzinger, K. and Klar, T. A. and Feldmann, J.},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {100},
  issue = {20},
  pages = {203002},
  numpages = {4},
  year = {2008},
  month = {May},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.203002},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.203002},
  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@article{Ausman:09,
Author = {Ausman, Logan K. and Schatz, George C.},
Title = {{On the importance of incorporating dipole reradiation in the modeling of
   surface enhanced Raman scattering from spheres}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{131}},
Number = {{8}},
Month = {{AUG 28}},
Abstract = {{Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factors G
                  for nanoparticles consisting of a single Ag sphere or a
                  dimer of Ag nanospheres are calculated using a T-matrix
                  method that rigorously incorporates dipole reradiation
                  (DR) effects. A comparison with the commonly used plane
                  wave (PW) approximation, vertical bar
                  E(loc)(omega)vertical bar(2)vertical bar
                  E(loc)(omega('))vertical bar(2), which for zero Stokes
                  shift is vertical bar E(loc)(omega)vertical bar(4), is
                  made so as to determine the error associated with using
                  the PW enhancement factor instead of DR in modeling SERS
                  intensities. Calculations for the single sphere are
                  performed for various molecule locations, detector
                  locations, and sphere sizes, while the dimer calculations
                  consider the effects of molecule and detector locations
                  for 50 nm diameter spheres with a 2 nm gap. In both the
                  single sphere and dimer calculations, excellent agreement
                  (< 0.3\%) is found between the PW approximation and DR
                  calculations when the molecule is located along the
                  incident field polarization direction and with the
                  detector along an axis that is orthogonal both to the
                  polarization and wave vector directions. The errors for
                  other molecule locations, different detector locations,
                  and larger sphere sizes can be considerably larger. A
                  qualitative description of the nature of the errors is
                  developed based on interferences between radiation
                  emitted by the sphere and by the molecule and on
                  quadrupole excitation in the metal spheres. An average
                  over molecule and detector locations for both the single
                  sphere and dimer results leads to DR enhancement factors
                  that differ by factors of 2-3 (sometimes higher,
                  sometimes lower) from the PW results. This indicates that
                  for quantitative field enhancement factor calculations,
                  the more rigorous DR result is important.}},
Publisher = {{AMER INST PHYSICS}},
Address = {{CIRCULATION \& FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ausman, LK (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
   Ausman, Logan K.; Schatz, George C., Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1063/1.3211969}},
Article-Number = {{084708}},
ISSN = {{0021-9606}},
Keywords = {{nanoparticles; silver; spectral line intensity; surface enhanced Raman
   scattering}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY; FLUCTUATION DYNAMICS; SILVER ELECTRODE;
   SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULE; NANOPARTICLE; SERS; MECHANISM; PYRIDINE; SPECTRA}},
Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Physics, Atomic, Molecular \& Chemical}},
Author-Email = {{schatz@chem.northwestern.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{AFOSR/DARPA {[}BAA07-61, FA9550-08-1-0221]; NSF MRSEC {[}DMR-0520513];
   Network for Computational Nanoscience}},
Funding-Text = {{This research was supported by AFOSR/DARPA Project BAA07-61 (Grant No.
   FA9550-08-1-0221), NSF MRSEC (Grant No. DMR-0520513) at the Materials
   Research Center of Northwestern University, and the Network for
   Computational Nanoscience.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
Times-Cited = {{13}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Chem. Phys.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{493GK}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000269723100022}},
}

@article{Haertling:07,
Author = {Haertling, T. and Reichenbach, P. and Eng, L. M.},
Title = {{Near-field coupling of a single fluorescent molecule and a spherical
   gold nanoparticle}},
Journal = {{OPTICS EXPRESS}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{15}},
Number = {{20}},
Pages = {{12806-12817}},
Month = {{OCT 1}},
Abstract = {{Near-field coupling of a single gold nanoparticle (GNP) to a single
   fluorescent molecule is investigated here for varying separation d
   between the two. While the emission quantum efficiency of the coupled
   system generally decreases for d ! 0, a pronounced near-field
   enhancement is observed under certain conditions, partly outweighing the
   efficiency loss at small distances. We report on optimizing these
   conditions by varying the excitation field direction and the
   three-dimensional relative configuration between the GNP and the
   fluorophore. Furthermore, we examine how the sphere diameter, the
   surrounding medium, as well as the absorption and emission wavelengths
   of the molecular dipole influence the fluorescence yield. Our results
   are of high practical relevance for all GNP-mediated application fields
   such as fluorescence microscopy, scattering near-field optical
   microscopy, bioanalytics, and medical applications. (c) 2007 Optical
   Society of America.}},
Publisher = {{OPTICAL SOC AMER}},
Address = {{2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hartling, T (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Appl Photophys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
   Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Appl Photophys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.}},
DOI = {{10.1364/OE.15.012806}},
ISSN = {{1094-4087}},
Keywords-Plus = {{COLLOIDAL METAL-FILMS; SURFACE; ENHANCEMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE;
   SCATTERING; PARTICLES}},
Research-Areas = {{Optics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Optics}},
Author-Email = {{thomas.haertling@iapp.de}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
Times-Cited = {{37}},
Journal-ISO = {{Opt. Express}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{218HN}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000250006700027}},
}

@article{Johansson:05,
  title = {Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and fluorescence near metal nanoparticles},
  author = {Johansson, Peter and Xu, Hongxing and K\"all, Mikael},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
  volume = {72},
  issue = {3},
  pages = {035427},
  numpages = {17},
  year = {2005},
  month = {Jul},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.72.035427},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.035427},
  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@article{Xu:04,
  title = {Unified Treatment of Fluorescence and Raman Scattering Processes near Metal Surfaces},
  author = {Xu, Hongxing and Wang, Xue-Hua and Persson, Martin P. and Xu, H. Q. and K\"all, Mikael and Johansson, Peter},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {93},
  issue = {24},
  pages = {243002},
  numpages = {4},
  year = {2004},
  month = {Dec},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.243002},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.243002},
  publisher = {American Physical Society}
}

@article{Zhang:13,
Author = {Zhang, Zhenglong and Yang, Pengfei and Xu, Hongxing and Zheng, Hairong},
Title = {{Surface enhanced fluorescence and Raman scattering by gold nanoparticle
   dimers and trimers}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{113}},
Number = {{3}},
Month = {{JAN 21}},
Abstract = {{Dimers and trimers of gold nanoparticles were synthesized using wet
   chemistry method for surface enhanced fluorescence and Raman scattering.
   The dimers and trimers provide hot spots for enhancing the fluorescence
   and Raman signals, and significantly obvious enhancement is obtained
   from Raman signals in solution. Using finite element method, we
   calculate the enhancement of fluorescence and Raman signals in the
   experimental system. Both experimental and theoretical results show that
   the dimers and trimers solution can be used in micro-quantitative
   detection from fluorescence and Raman signals. (C) 2013 American
   Institute of Physics. {[}http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4776227]}},
Publisher = {{AMER INST PHYSICS}},
Address = {{CIRCULATION \& FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Zhang, ZL (Reprint Author), Shaanxi Normal Univ, Sch Phys \& Informat Technol, Xian 710062, Peoples R China.
   Zhang, Zhenglong; Zheng, Hairong, Shaanxi Normal Univ, Sch Phys \& Informat Technol, Xian 710062, Peoples R China.
   Zhang, Zhenglong; Yang, Pengfei; Xu, Hongxing, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.}},
DOI = {{10.1063/1.4776227}},
Article-Number = {{033102}},
ISSN = {{0021-8979}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SILVER NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY}},
Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Physics, Applied}},
Author-Email = {{hrzheng@snnu.edu.cn}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Xu, Hongxing/B-1503-2010
   Zhang, Zhenglong/B-2803-2012}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}11174190]; National
   Basic Research Project of China {[}2009CB930700]; Fundamental Research
   Funds for the Central Universities {[}2010ZYGX025]; Innovation Funds of
   Graduate Programs, SNU {[}2010CXB004]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
   China (Grants 11174190), the National Basic Research Project of China
   (Grant 2009CB930700), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
   Universities (No. 2010ZYGX025), and the Innovation Funds of Graduate
   Programs, SNU (No. 2010CXB004).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Appl. Phys.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{072KT}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000313670600003}},
}

@Article{Eric:11,
author ="Gill, Ron and Le Ru, Eric C.",
title  ="Fluorescence enhancement at hot-spots: the case of Ag nanoparticle aggregates",
journal  ="Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.",
year  ="2011",
volume  ="13",
issue  ="36",
pages  ="16366-16372",
publisher  ="The Royal Society of Chemistry",
doi  ="10.1039/C1CP21008D",
url  ="http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C1CP21008D",
abstract  ="We report the enhancement of the fluorescence emitted from dye-labeled DNA upon co-aggregation with silver nanoparticles. The co-aggregation process is induced by the polycationic molecule spermine{,} which both neutralizes the charge of the DNA backbone and aggregates the nanoparticles. This simple method generates nanoparticle aggregates with very short (1-2 nm) inter-particle distance. Even though no spacer layer was used{,} large enhancements of the fluorescence{,} in the range of 15-740[times] (depending on the original quantum yield of the dye used){,} were observed. Theoretical modeling shows that this occurs as the local enhancement of the electromagnetic field near the hotspots is sufficiently large to overcome the quenching by the surface{,} even at short distances of 1 nm. The predicted trend of increased SEF enhancement with a decrease in initial quantum yield is observed. The average enhancements observed in this system are on-par with the best results obtained on nanostructured surfaces to date."
}

@article{McMahon:09,
year={2009},
issn={1618-2642},
journal={Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry},
volume={394},
number={7},
doi={10.1007/s00216-009-2738-4},
title={Gold nanoparticle dimer plasmonics: finite element method calculations of the electromagnetic enhancement to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy},author={McMahon, JeffreyM. and Henry, Anne-Isabelle and Wustholz, KristinL. and Natan, MichaelJ. and Freeman, R.Griffith and Duyne, RichardP. and Schatz, GeorgeC.},
pages={1819-1825},
url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-2738-4},
publisher={Springer-Verlag},
keywords={Finite element method; Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Electromagnetic field enhancement; Nanoparticle dimer},

language={English}
}


@article{Bek:08,
author = {Bek, Alpan and Jansen, Reiner and Ringler, Moritz and Mayilo, Sergiy and Klar, Thomas A. and Feldmann, Jochen},
title = {Fluorescence Enhancement in Hot Spots of AFM-Designed Gold Nanoparticle Sandwiches},
journal = {Nano Letters},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {485-490},
year = {2008},
doi = {10.1021/nl072602n},
note ={PMID: 18173294},

URL = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl072602n},
eprint = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/nl072602n},
abstract = { We observe an enhancement of fluorescence from a single fluorescent sphere, which is sandwiched between two individual gold nanoparticles, forming a hot spot of strong field enhancement. The fluorescence enhancing hot spot is custom-designed by the deliberate assembly of gold nanoparticles with an atomic force microscope cantilever. The fluorescence intensity is monitored while the separation between the two gold nanoparticles is reduced by gradually pushing the gold nanoparticles closer to the fluorescent sphere. The fluorescence enhancement is maximal when the distance between the two gold nanoparticles is smallest, when the excitation polarization is parallel to the axis of the sandwich, and when the fluorescent sphere is positioned exactly on the axis connecting the two gold nanoparticles. }
}

@article{Mustafa:07,
author = {Mustafa H. Chowdhury and Stephen K. Gray and James Pond and Chris D. Geddes and Kadir Aslan and Joseph R. Lakowicz},
title = {{Computational study of fluorescence scattering by silver nanoparticles}},
journal = {Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics},
volume = {24},
year = {2007},
issue = {9},
doi = {10.1364/JOSAB.24.002259},
masid = {4889915}
}